Minerals are the elements (think periodic table) that are essential for normal physiologic processes in the body.įood energy is measured in kilocalories (kcals), commonly referred to as calories. These compounds are essential for normal physiologic processes in the body. Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen and is the only macronutrient that provides no energy. Some dietary sources of lipids include, oils, butter, and egg yolks.

Lipids are also composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Lipids consist of fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols (cholesterol). Several dietary sources of proteins include nuts, beans/legumes, skim milk, egg whites, and meat. Like carbohydrates, proteins are comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but they also contain nitrogen. Some dietary examples of carbohydrates are whole-wheat bread, oatmeal, rice, sugary snacks/drinks, and pasta. Sucrose (table sugar) is an example of a commonly consumed carbohydrate. Thus, it is no surprise that carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The word carbohydrate literally means “hydrated carbon,” or carbon with water.

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